| Bahan Kajian | - Pengantar
1. Sejarah perkembangan epidemiologi
2. Definisi
3. Tujuan
4. Lingkup
5. Lingkungan dan epidemi
6. Studi kasus
Jaman Hipocrates ke J.Snow, saat ini
Definisi lama, modern epidemiology; definisi epidemi, endemi, praktis
Tujuan umum dan praktis
Fenomena masal, lingkup baru; epidemiologi sebagai metode dan ilmu
Pencemar sebagai agent potensial
Kasus penetapan wabahdi London
- Terjadinya penyakit dan wabah
1. Definisi sehat dan sakit
2. Proses terjadinya sakit
3. Proses terjadinya wabah
4. Tipe penyebaran wabah
1. UU No.23 1992
2. Model Gordon; kausasi yang multipel
3. Wabah penyakit menular; wabah penyakit tidak menular
4. Penyebaran prosodemik, holomiantik
5. Penentuan endemisitas, sumber, dll.
- Agent
1. Agent hidup dan tidak hidup
2. Faktor determinan pada Agent hidup
3. Faktor determinan pada Agent tidak hidup
4. Studi kasus
1. Diferensial hidup vs tidak hidup
2. Karakteristik Agent hidup
3. Karakteristik Agent tidak hidup
4. Hubungan kebakaran sampah dengan Asthma
5. Studi Kasus
- Host
1. Atribut yang diturunkan/dilahirkan
2. Atribut setelah lahir
3. Studi kasus
1. Usia, JK, Bangsa, Daya tahan natural
2. Status Kesehatan, fisiologis, gizi, pengalaman sakit, kekebalan kelompok, Perilaku
3. PAM dan Trachoma
4. Studi Kasus
- Lingkungan
1. Peran lingkungan dalam terjadinya penyakit
2. Studi kasus
1. Faktor determinan pada atmosfir, hidrosfir, litosfir, biosfir, sosiosfir, geografi, geologi
2. Kabut di London
3. Global warming
4. Tayangan film wabah diare John Snow di London
- Pengukuran paparan
1. Arti paparan, indikator, metoda pengukuran
2. Populasi terpapar terhadap lingkungan
3. Latihan
1. Paparan vs dosis, pengukuran obyektif, subyektif
2. Jenis paparan, langsung, tidak langsung
3. Menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan
- Pengukuran efek
1. Arti, penentuan kriteria efek
2. Pengukuran efek
3. Soal latihan
1. Postulata /r. Koch, Hill, & Evans
2. Efek langsung & tidak langsung
3. Penyelesaian soal
- Pengendalian dan pencegahan wabah
1. Penegasan adanya wabah
2.Deskriptif 3. Transmisi epidemi
4. Penelitian kasus-kendali
5. Evaluasi kualitas lingkungan
7. Pengendalian wabah Pelaporan wabah
8. Pencegahan wabah
9. Pencegahan penyakit
10. Studi Kasus
1. Data primer dan sekunder
2. Atribut orang, waktu, dan tempat
3. Kurva insidensi epidemi
4. Matriks n x n
5. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
7. Membuat laporan
8. Rekomendasi tindak lanjut
9. Kasus Botulism
10. studi kasus dan tugas baca
- Pengendalian dan pencegahan wabah
1. Penegasan adanya wabah
2.Deskriptif 3. Transmisi epidemi
4. Penelitian kasus-kendali
5. Evaluasi kualitas lingkungan
7. Pengendalian wabah Pelaporan wabah
8. Pencegahan wabah
9. Pencegahan penyakit
10. Studi Kasus
1. Data primer dan sekunder
2. Atribut orang, waktu, dan tempat
3. Kurva insidensi epidemi
4. Matriks n x n
5. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
7. Membuat laporan
8. Rekomendasi tindak lanjut
9. Kasus Botulism
10. studi kasus dan tugas baca
- Penelitian epidemiologi
1. Tujuan, lingkup etika, partisipasi masyarakat
2. Penelitian observasional
3. Pengolahan data
4. Penilaian efek, desain sekuensial
5. Soal latihan
1. Izin perseorangan, masyarakat, instansi kelompok kontrol, medical records, anonimitas
2. Model retrospektif
3. Model prospektif
4. Model cross-sectional
5. Studi ekologis
6. Studi intervensi
7. Menghitung signifikansi, asosiasi, RR, OR, AR
8. Penyelesaian soal
9. studi kasus
| - Introduction
History of epidemiological development
Definitions
Objectives
Scope
Environment and epidemics
Case studies
From the era of Hippocrates to John Snow, and current times
Old and modern definitions; definitions of epidemic, endemic, and practical applications
General and practical objectives
Mass phenomena, new scopes; epidemiology as a method and a science
Pollutants as potential agents
The case of outbreak determination in London
- Occurrence of Diseases and Outbreaks
Definitions of health and illness
Process of illness
Process of outbreak occurrence
Types of outbreak spread
UU No. 23 of 1992
Gordon’s Model; multiple causation
Communicable and non-communicable disease outbreaks
Prosodemic and holomiantic spread
Determining endemicity, sources, etc
- Agent
Living and non-living agents
Determinant factors of living agents
Determinant factors of non-living agents
Case studies
Difference of living vs. non-living
Characteristics of living agents
Characteristics of non-living agents
The relationship between waste burning and Asthma
Case studies
- Host
Hereditary/Congenital attributes
Attributes after birth
Case studies
Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Natural resistance
Health status, physiology, nutrition, disease experience, herd immunity, behavior
Tap water (PAM) and Trachoma cases
Case studies
- Environment
1. The role of the environment in the occurrence of disease
2. Case study
1. Determinant factors in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, sociosphere, geography, geology
2. Fog in London
3. Global warming
4. Global Worming film "An Inconvenient Truth", case study
- Exposure measurement
1. Meaning of exposure, indicators, measurement methods
2. The population is exposed to the environment
3. Practice
1. Exposure vs dose, objective, subjective measurements
2. Type of exposure, direct, indirect
3. Answering questions
- Effect measurement
1. Meaning, determination of effect criteria
2. Measurement of effects
3. Practice questions
1. Postulate of /r. Koch, Hill, & Evans
2. Direct & indirect effects
3. Problem solving
- Control and prevention of epidemics
1. Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic
2. Descriptive
3. Epidemic transmission
4. Case-control research
5. Evaluation of environmental quality
7. Outbreak control. Outbreak reporting
8. Prevention of epidemics
9. Disease prevention
10. Case Study
1. Primary and secondary data
2. Attributes of person, time and place
3. Epidemic incidence curve
4. Matrix n x n
5. Laboratory examination
7. Make a report
8. Follow-up recommendations
9. Botulism Case
10. case studies and reading assignments
- Control and prevention of epidemics
1. Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic
2.Descriptive 3. Epidemic transmission
4. Case-control research
5. Evaluation of environmental quality
7. Outbreak control. Outbreak reporting
8. Prevention of epidemics
9. Disease prevention
10. Case Study
1. Primary and secondary data
2. Attributes of person, time and place
3. Epidemic incidence curve
4. Matrix n x n
5. Laboratory examination
7. Make a report
8. Follow-up recommendations
9. Botulism Case
10. case studies and reading assignments
- Epidemiological study
1. Goals, ethical scope, community participation
2. Observational research
3. Data processing
4. Effect assessment, sequential design
5. Practice questions
1. Permission of individuals, communities, control group agencies, medical records, anonymity
2. Retrospective model
3. Prospective model
4. Cross-sectional model
5. Ecological studies
6. Intervention studies
7. Calculating significance, association, RR, OR, AR
8. Problem solving
9. case studies
|
|---|