| Bahan Kajian | - Pengukuran dan persamaan pengamatan
- Gagasan tentang ketidakpastian yang terkait dengan pengamatan
- Akurasi, presisi, keandalan, pengulangan
- Persamaan pengamatan yang dilinearisasi dan hukum persebaran varians
- Penyebaran ketidakpastian dalam pengamatan melalui beberapa pengukuran
- Elips kepercayaan relatif dan absolut
- Prinsip kuadrat terkecil
- Kovariansi pengamatan
- Kuadrat terkecil berbobot
- Kuadrat terkecil ortogonal
- Jumlah Kuadrat Terkecil
- Masalah dengan solusi eksplisit
- Persamaan kondisi
- Kovariansi parameter yang diestimasi
- Estimasi faktor varians unit
- Keandalan internal dan eksternal
| - Measurements and observation equations
- Notion of uncertainty related to observations
- Accuracy, precision, reliability, repeatability
- Linearized observation equations and variance propagation law
- Propagation of uncertainty in observations through multiple measurements
- Relative and absolute confidence ellipse
- Least squares principle
- Covariance of observation
- Weighted least squares
- Orthogonal least square
- Total Least Square
- Problems with explicit solutions
- Condition equations
- Covariance of estimated parameters
- Unit variance factor estimate
- Internal and external reliability
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| Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah (CPMK) | - Mampu menjelaskan konsep pengamatan dan ketidakpastian yang melekat pada pengukuran.
- Mampu menjelaskan konsep akurasi, presisi, keandalan, dan keterulangan (repeatability).
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung prinsip kuadrat terkecil (least squares principle, covariance of observation, weighted least squares, orthogonal least square, total least square).
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung teori kesalahan, konsep perambatan kesalahan, teori variansi dan kovariansi, perambatan variansi dan kovariansi, dan konsep pembobotan.
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung ellips kesalahan, perambatan kesalahan dalam pengukuran jarak, sudut, dan tinggi.
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung model matematika syarat geometri, penentuan syarat yang tidak bergantung linier, penyelesaian kuadrat terkecil dengan metode bersyarat (condition equations), dan penentuan ketelitian parameter (covariance of estimated parameters), serta konsep unit variance factor estimate.
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung model matematika persamaan non linier parameter dan liniearisasi persamaan non linier.
- Mampu menjelaskan dan menghitung deteksi outlier dengan uji chi square, uji t, uji normal, dan uji fisher.
- Mampu menjelaskan terkait keandalan internal dan eksternal.
- Mampu menjelaskan terkait keandalan internal dan eksternal.
| - Able to explain the concept of observation and the uncertainty inherent in measurement.
- Able to explain the concepts of accuracy, precision, reliability, and repeatability.
- Able to explain and calculate the principle of least squares principle, covariance of observations, weighted least squares, orthogonal least squares, total least squares).
- Able to explain and calculate the theory of error, the concept of error propagation, the theory of variance and covariance, variance and covariance propagation, and weighting concept.
- Able to explain and calculate error ellipses, error propagation in distance, angle, and height measurements.
- Able to explain and calculate mathematical models of geometric requirements, determination of linearly independent requirements, least squares solution with conditional methods (condition equations), and determination of parameter accuracy (covariance of estimated parameters), as well as the concept of unit variance factor estimate.
- Able to explain and calculate mathematical models of non-linear equations parameters and linearization of non-linear equations.
- Able to explain and calculate outlier detection with chi square test, t test, normal test, and fisher test.
- Able to explain internal and external reliability.
- Able to explain internal and external reliability.
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